Enver Pasha and the Britain

Enver Pasha and the Britain Ä °smail Ä °lker Yà ¼rà ¼yen Ismail Enver was born in near Constantinople, Istanbul, on 23 November 1881 to a working-class family from Monastir, todays Macedonia. His father, Ahmed, was a Turk, who rose from being a porter to a railway official and acquired the honorable title Bey. Envers mother, Aisha, was an Albanian from the Monastir region. He was an Ottoman general and commander in chief, a hero of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, and a leading member of the Ottoman government from 1913 to 1918. He became the main leader of the Ottoman Empire in both the Balkan Wars in 1912-13 and in World War I in 1914-18. In the course of his career, he was known by increasingly elevated titles as he rose through military ranks, including Enver Efendi, Enver Bey, and finally Enver Pasha. By January 13, 1914, Enver had made himself Minister of War and played a key role in the Ottoman entry into World War I on the side of Germany. He influenced his associates into an alliance with Germany signed secretly on August 2. Subsequently, he approved the German bombardment of Odessa and Sevastopol, which precipitated the Ottoman Empires entry into World War I. An organizer of the Young Turk Revolution, Enver joined General Mahmud Ã…Å ¾evket, under whose command an Army of Deliverance advanced to Constantinople to depose the Ottoman sultan Abdà ¼lhamid II. In 1911, when warfare broke out between Italy and the Ottoman Empire, he organized the Ottoman resistance in Libya, and in 1912 he was appointed the governor of Benghazi. Back in Constantinople, he participated in the politics of the Committee of Union and Progress, leading the coup dà ©tat of January 23, 1913, which restored his party to power. In the Second Balkan War of 1913, Enver was chief of the general staff of the Ottoman army. On July 22, 1913, he recaptured Edirne from the Bulgars; and until 1918, the empire was dominated by the triumvirate of Enver, Talat PaÃ…Å ¸a, and Cemal PaÃ…Å ¸a. In 1914, Enver, as minister of war, was instrumental in the signing of a defensive alliance with Germany against Russia. When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers in November 1914, Enver cooperated closely with German officers serving in the Ottoman army. His military plans included Pan-Turkic, or Pan-Turanian, schemes for uniting the Turkic people of Russian Central Asia with the Ottoman Turks. These plans resulted in the disastrous defeat in December 1914 at SarÄ ±kamÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸, where he lost most of the 3rd Army. However, he recovered his prestige when the Allied forces withdrew from the Dardanelles in 1915-16. In 1918, following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and Russias withdrawal from the war, he occupied Bakà ¼. After the Armistice in Europe, Enver fled to Germany on November 1918. In Berlin, he met the Bolshevik leader Karl Radek, and in 1920 he went to Moscow. He proposed the idea of overthrowing the regime of Mustafa Kemal in Turkey with Soviet aid, but this plan received no support from Moscow. Though the Russian leaders became suspicious of him, Enver was nevertheless allowed to go to Turkistan with a plan for helping to organize the Central Asian republics. Yet, in 1921, the revolt of the Basmachi in Bukhara against the Soviet regime flared up, and Enver joined the insurgents. He was killed in action against the Red Army. After having provided Enver Pashas short biography, this essay will try to state Envers relation with the Britain by considering the situation of his being minister of war, the person who is responsible of the whole Ottoman army. In 1909 or 1910, Enver Bey was sent to London to fetch military goods. The British media announced him as the Turkish Garibaldi because Garibaldi was an Italian general who revolutionized Italy and made it what it is today. Its clearly understood that the British media admired Enver PaÃ…Å ¸a and considered him equal to Garibaldi. Enver PaÃ…Å ¸a was persona non grata for Britain. By 1908, Britain joined the alliance between France and Russia against the alliance of Germany, Austria, and Italia. Thus, Britain started to welcome Russias interests on Istanbul and Frances interests on Syria.   Enver Bey, who is considered to be the leader of the unionists, had no choice but to ask for Germanys help. Since France and Britain rejected the Ottomans demand for money for its own debts, it was Germany that helped Ottoman Empire. As Enver Bey joined the alliance with Germany, a powerful country, he was always disliked by Britain, for he blocked their interests. During the Italo-Turkish War in 1911-12, Enver Bey went to Libya to defend the Ottomans territory along with Mustafa Kemal. He was a major and had the highest rank there. Since the previously overthrown Sultan, Abdà ¼lhamid II, made the navy dysfunctional, Enver needed army troops. Ottoman Empire couldnt send the necessary troops since Britain had invaded Egypt and she didnt allow Ottoman troops go through Egypt. Eventually, Ottoman Empire lost Tripolitania mostly because of Britain. The Mesopotamian campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I fought between the Allies represented by the British Empire, mostly troops from Britain and the Indian Empire, and the Central Powers, mostly of the Ottoman Empire. It took place between 6 November 1914 and 14 November 1918. Enver PaÃ…Å ¸a was the minister of war and Ottoman forces was defeated in this campaign. It was resulted in allied victory and the Treaty of Sà ¨vres. The only success for Ottoman Empire during this campaign was the Siege of Kut. Halil Bey, uncle of Enver Pasha, managed to capture the British general Townshend along with his garrison. British leaders attempted to buy their troops out. Aubrey Herbert and T. E. Lawrence were part of a team of officers sent to negotiate a secret deal with the Ottomans. The British offered  £2 million ( £122,300,000 today) and promised they would not fight the Ottomans again, in exchange for Townshends troops. Enver Pasha ordered that this offer be rejected. Historian Christopher Catherwood has called the siege the worst defeat of the Allies in World War I. The Raids on the Suez Canal, also known as Actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 5 August 1916 after a German-led Ottoman Army force advanced from Southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, before the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. Ottoman troops were led by Cemal PaÃ…Å ¸a, Minister of the Navy, who was under the command of Enver PaÃ…Å ¸a, Minister of War. These two raids resulted in failure for Ottoman Empire. As conjectured in the story published in the Telegraph, Britain offered $5 million to the Ottomans to allow them to cross the straits of Çanakkale, and another $2 million to the Ottomans to get them to pull their troops out of Palestine. The story also says that an international arms dealer by the name of Basil Zaharoff was responsible for the talks between the two sides. The Telegraph story also says that Enver Pasha was contacted by a civil servant by the name of Kerim Bey in Vienna, who was working for the Ottoman Empires Loan Bureau there, and that the suggested bribe later went up to the astonishing figure of $10 million dollars. It can be easily understood these bribe offers were made before the outbreak of the WWI because it outbroke on July 28 and Ottoman Empire joined the war five days later on August 2 in alliance with Germany. Britain wouldnt make such an offer when Ottoman Empire was already her enemy. Enver PaÃ…Å ¸a could accept these offers for the sake of his countrys economy but he rejected them because he knew that his country would be under the risk of Russians if they received aid from the British. Thus, he prevented British navy from sailing to Black Sea. Although it seems to be win for Britain and lose for Ottoman between the relations of the British and Enver PaÃ…Å ¸a, his great struggles for both Ottoman Empire and Turkic people havent been forgotten; thus, his funeral was brought to Turkey by the Republic of Turkey and buried in Istanbul on his death anniversary in 1996. Rest in peace.

Women of the Iliad :: Homer Women Iliad

Women of the Iliad In the Iliad we saw women as items of exchange and as markers of status for the men who possessed them (Chryseis and Briseis, whom Agame mnon and Achilles argue over in Book I). We saw them in their normal social roles as mothers and wives (Hecuba, Andromache in Book VI). We saw stereotypical characterizations of them as fickle (Helen in Book VI), seductive, and deceitful (Hera in Book XIV). We see them as an obstacle that the male hero has to overcome or resist to fulfill his heroic destiny (Andromache's entreaties to Hector in Book VI). In all, the few times women show up in what is basically a story told in the male sphere, the story is nothing that subverts or calls into question the structure of the society that is being portrayed... or is there? To the extent that the Iliad has a moral lesson to impart to its readers, part of it would have to be that the behavior of Agam emnon and Achilles in the first book (and beyond) is excessive. Both men are so fixated on their own images as heroic warriors that they end up bringing woe upon themselves and the rest of the Greeks. Part of that behavior is the way they treat the wome n not as human beings but as emblems of their own status and martial prowess. Look carefully at what Agamemnon says to the prophet who declared that he had to give back Chryseis (Page 62): Now once more you make divination to the Dana ans, argue forth your reason why he who strikes from afar afflicts them, because I for the sake of the girl Chryseis would not take the shining ransom; and indeed I wish greatly to have her in my own house; since I like her be tter than Klytaimestra my own wife, for in truth she is no way inferior To those who already knew the stories of the Trojan War heroes (which all of the original Greek audience of the epic would), these words would be ominous ones. They would know that Agamemnon had angered hi s wife Klytaimestra (Clytemnestra),

Employment and Job Satisfaction

Activity One Reasons why the organisation needs to collect HR data 1) To record contractual arrangements and agreements. Through retaining a copy of the employees contract along with any amendments ensures that there is no confusion in regards to an employee status. 2) To ensure compliance with legal requirements and provide a statutory excuse if required. An example of when this could be required is if an employee working for your company is found to be working in the UK illegally. If you are able to demonstrate that you carried out the necessary initial and annual checks you can avoid a ? 0,000 fine. Types of data that is collected within an organisation and how each supports HR practices 1) Customer Feedback – The collection of customer feedback allows the employer to identify any learning and development needs that may be required. It can also be used as a tool for performance management. 2) Demographics – The collection of information in regards to age allows for s uccession planning should you be dealing with an aging workforce. The collection of information in regards to gender can be important when considering equal opportunities. ) Recruitment – The collection and analysis of recruitment information helps assess legal compliance in particular monitoring of equality and diversity information. It also provides statistics on success rates of each stage of the process along with how successful different methods of recruitment have proved. A description of at least two methods of storing records and the benefits of each 1) Manual System – This is the keeping of hard copies of HR records in staff files. Manual filing is low cost and easily accessible.A manual system cannot be affected by loss of power and cannot be maliciously hacked into from outside the company. 2) Hosted Computer Records – keeping records on a hosted cloud reduces physical storage space required along with allowing access to records remotely. It can reduc e administration time (ie filing) and information may be easier to find. Two essential items of UK legislation relating to the recording, storage and accessibility of HR data The Data Protection Act 1998 states that data must be collected and processed fairly and lawfully and obtained for only the lawful purposes.The data must be adequate and relevant and not excessive along with being accurate and where necessary kept up to date. You must not keep information longer than necessary and it must be stored securely and in accordance with the rights of data subjects. Personal data shall not be transferred outside the European Economic Area unless the country or territory has adequate safeguards for data subjects. An example of where this may be applicable is the keeping of CVs on file. The Freedom of Information Act creates a public â€Å"right of access† to information held by public authorities.This applies to all public authorities including: * government departments and local assemblies * local authorities and councils * health trusts, hospitals and doctors’ surgeries * schools, colleges and universities * publicly funded museums * the police * other non-departmental public bodies An example of where this may be applicable in an HR setting would be the request of information regarding the successful candidate by an unsuccessful applicant following the recruitment of a new position. Activity Two Introduction On an annual basis our company carries out an Employee Survey.The survey is sent out to every single staff member from branch staff to directors and there is an average response rate of around 80%. This year's employee survey was carried out in July with the results being collected and collated in August and September. The surveys are carried out anonymously and employees are asked to identify their level of seniority within the company along with length of service. I have decided to look at staff members length of service and job satisfaction in relation to their seniority within the company.I think that there are several factors which make this a valuable exercise. Through identifying length of service by seniority it may identify specific job roles where there is a trend of employees are leaving after a particular length of time. Through doing this it may allow further investigation as to the reasons behind this and allow the company to bring in measures to limit this, eg specific areas of training or changes in approach to particular roles. Through reducing turnover this can reduce recruitment costs and disruption in the workplace.Identifying job satisfaction can take this a step further by identifying people who are currently in positions who may need some extra attention to prevent them leaving. Analysis and Interpretation Firstly, I transposed the dataset into percentages as this allows standardisation and ease of comparison. I decided that it would be a good idea to give a general overview of the company by creat ing a pie cart to show how the company is made up (graph one). I then further broke this down to compare length of service by seniority (graph two).I decided to use a bar chart with the break down of figures below as I think it gives good visual represetation of the situation across the company. I then broke the data down further to identify job satisfaction by seniority – again in a bar chart as I am looking at a decrete set of data (graph 3). I attempted to link the three sets of data (length of service/satisfaction and seniority) but found that the resulting chart was very complicated and unclear so decided it was better to keep these as two separate entities. Finally, I indentified the reason why people were unsatisfied in the workpalce and displayed this in graph four.From the work carried out I believe that there is evidence that the people at â€Å"assistant† level within the company are in need of a bit of TLC. Whilst their pattern of length of service may be e xplained through people being promoted, they are also the lease satisified group in the company and cite â€Å"management† as the reason behind this. Graph One – Break Down of Company by Job Type Graph Two –Length of Service by Seniority Graph 3 – Job Satisfaction by Seniority Graph Four – Reason Stated for Unsatisfaction in the Workplace %

Family In The Glass Castle - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2420 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Glass Castle Essay Did you like this example? The Glass Castle, a major motion picture released to the box office on August 11th, 2017, is based upon the real-life experiences of now author Jeannette Walls (IMDb, 2017). This film portrays Jeannette and her atypical familyrs journey to live a stable and happy life in the midst of poverty. Throughout this film, the viewer can clearly see the detrimental impact that the structure of the Walls family has on each of its members. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Family In The Glass Castle" essay for you Create order The following analysis aims to describe the unique story of Jeannette and her family from a sociological perspective in order to highlight the influence of the family on its members and to show how the depiction of this family through the media may influence society. On paper, the Walls family appears to be a nuclear family with a Mother, Father, and three children. However, upon viewing The Glass Castle the viewer can see that this family is anything but normal in structure. The family functions with Rex, the father, being unemployed, and his wife, ? ¬? ¬? ¬? ¬Rose Mary, being the sole breadwinner of the family through her work as a freelance artist. Their three children Jeannette, Lori, and Brian live difficult lives as they constantly move across the country while being abused and neglected by their family members. Despite all of the negative aspects of the Walls family, one thing the viewer cannot fail to recognize is the strong love that each and every member of the family has for each other. Regardless of their motherrs mental problems and their fatherrs alcoholism, the parents love their children endlessly. Upon watching The Glass Castle, the viewer can easily pick up on many issues within the Walls family. One of the first and largest issues within the Walls family that the viewer is presented with is their constant moving. The family frequently relocates to different places across the country, which can be interpreted as Rose Mary and Rex (the Mother and Father) running away from their financial problems rather than facing them head-on. Towards the beginning of the movie Rex returned to the family home late at night and awoke all the children to say Time to pull up stakes and leave this shit hole behind Jeanette then asked Where are we going, Dad and Rex replied Wherever we end up (The Glass Castle, 2017). While Rex and Rosemary probably didnt realize, this constant moving had a large impact on their childrenrs lives. A study completed by Andre Dupre in order to research the effects of relocation stated, The father and the mother themselves involved in the residential relocation proce ss, are not necessarily sensitive to the problems of their child (Dupre 1985). This being said, Rose Mary and Rex probably werent even thinking about how their constant moving affected their childrenrs social lives, education, and development. Additionally, a study conducted by the American Psychological Association found that the more times people moved as children, the more likely they were to report lower life satisfaction and psychological well-being and that those who moved frequently as children had fewer quality social relationships as adults (2010). The viewer can see these findings come to life when the movie jumps ahead to show the childrenrs adult lives. As an adult, Jeannetters first marriage ended in divorce, likely because of her inability to form strong relationships with her husband and his family. Whether the parents realized it or not, the constant relocation of the Walls family put great pressure on the children and the family unit as a whole. Another major issue within the Walls family is Rexrs alcoholism. Throughout The Glass Castle, the viewer is shown how this addiction can completely cripple a family. Although he adores his children, Rexrs life is consumed by his drinking. Rex cannot control his addiction and it leads to a life of constant moving, hunger spells, and inadequate care for the children. Additionally, his addiction leads to Rex abusing his wife, making rash decisions, and self-loathing throughout the film. While sober Rex is a loving and caring father, when he is under the influence he becomes egotistical and tyrannical over his family. Within The Glass Castle during the holiday season Jeannette explains, Hed popped open the first Budweiser before breakfast, and by the time midnight mass rolled around, he was having trouble standing up Hed ruined the Christmas our family had spent weeks planning- the Christmas that was supposed to be the best wed ever had (The Glass Castle, 2017). This quote shows that despite having planned a great day for the family and having good intentions, Rex was incapable of controlling his addiction. Sadly, this sort of scenario is commonplace throughout The Glass Castle. An article written by Joan K. Jackson titled Alcoholism and the Family explains children are affected by living with an alcoholic more than any other family member.. children must model themselves on adults who play their roles in a distorted fashion.. the child is bound to have problems in learning who he is, what is expected of him, and what he can expect from others (Jackson, 1958). This information explains that Rexrs alcoholism not only affected the day to day interaction within the family but the development of his children as well. A final impactful issue within the Walls family is that of child neglect. While Rex and Rose Mary adore their children, they are without a doubt neglectful free range parents. One of the first scenes in The Glass Castle shows a young Jeannette making hot dogs for herself and her mother when she was not even tall enough to reach the stove. While her mother encouraged this action things quickly took a turn for the worst when Jeannetters apron caught fire and she was severely burned. After this incident, Jeannette was rushed to the hospital for her injuries and her parents were questioned by both the doctor and social services. Once Rex and Rose Mary realized that the social worker did not find their family stable and that there was likely an issue of child neglect within the family, they hatched a plan in which they kidnapped Jeannette out of the hospital despite the fact that she had not finished her treatment or healing. This theme of child neglect is constant throughout the movie an d can be attributed to both Rexrs alcoholism and Rose Mary being a neglectful mother. Rose Maryrs selfish need to self-satisfy leads her to be unaware and unconcerned of all the negative issues and experiences that her children were going through. The quote Mom liked to encourage self-sufficiency in all living creatures expressed by Jeannette at the beginning of the film shows that despite loving her mom, she realized that Rose Mary did not believe in having a large active role in her childrenrs day to day lives (The Glass Castle, 2017). Rose Mary encouraged her children to fend for themselves, often hid food for herself from her starving family, and had no concern when her children were abused by other members of the Walls family. A 2011 study found that having a disengaged parent with lower levels of parental warmth, involvement, and monitoring.. makes a child more likely to internalize and externalize negative symptoms and that neglect is most problematic for young children, given their high vulnerability couples with virtually full reliance on parents to meet their physical and emotional needs (Mustillo et al. 2011). This being said while Rose Mary loved her children, her actions and behavior had a strong negative influence on their upbringing. By looking at the structure of the Walls family and seeing all of the different issues they face, sociologically one could explain their family through both the Conflict Perspective and the Exchange Theory. The Conflict Perspective describes how society is saturated with conflict along with opposition and struggle which are necessary for social change and evolution. It also explains how social structure promotes division and inequality between social groups. When looking at the Walls family, it is easy to see how the structure of society was a key factor in their family life being the way it was. Rex, while he was an alcoholic, was also a very smart man. He had plans to develop a solution to reduce emissions produced by bituminous coal. However, due to his families lack of money and support from the government, he was never able to make progress on his ideas and never had money to be able to fund his research. As a retired air force veteran who was unable to hold a real job due to his PTSD, Rex received little if any assistance from the government to have a financially stable family or work towards being able to make money. The vast amount of inequality between the Walls family and others also pertains to the conflict perspective. This inequality is best understood in one of the opening scenes in the movie. Adult Jeannette is engaged to a very wealthy man who doesnt understand her past because the division is so stark between the higher and lower social classes. Jeannette ends up lying about her past due to embarrassment to people all around her which only hinders the relationships she tries to build. The Exchange Theory can also be easily attributed to the demeanor and function of the Walls family. The Exchange Theory explains how individuals act rationally to maximize reward and reduce cost in their social relationships. This can be seen through how Rose Mary and Rex raise their children . As Rose Mary is a selfish individual, she established relationships with her children in which they essentially raise themselves. The children cook for themselves, play with each other, and for the most part leave her to do whatever she wants. By creating this type of relationship with her children, Rose Mary is maximizing her rewards in the relationship and reducing her costs. The pressing issues of constant relocation, alcoholism, and child neglect throughout The Glass Castle clearly had a major impact on the family as a whole as well as other institutional arenas that the family interacted with. Surprisingly, the intersection between the educational arena and the Walls family was incredibly positive. The Walls children Jeannette, Lori, and Brian all attended public school where they excelled in math and reading. This can be attributed towards Rex and Rose Mary teaching the children while they were at home. Despite their constant moving, the childrenrs educations were not hindered. However, this positive interaction between the family and the educational arena cannot be said about many other social institutions they come into contact with. The Walls family also intersects within many different facets of the governmental arena. As earlier described the family encountered the department of social services many times always in a negative fashion. Additionall y, with the family being poor they were often pursued by debt collectors and state personnel in order to pay taxes and debts to the government. The interaction between the family and the governmental arena can be seen as a cause for their constant relocation along with other issues that promoted the negative family environment. If the family had not been burdened with addiction and debt, things could have been much different for both the parents and the children. If Rex had not been an alcoholic and if Rose Mary had not been a neglectful mother, the familyrs structure and demeanor could be completely different. The children would probably have different attitudes and perspectives on life if they were raised with present parents who spent time with them and taught them how to grow. The interactions between the different social institutions would be completely different, which could lead to fewer stressors and tension within the family. Arguably, one of the saddest aspects of The Glass Castle is that the family did have a possibility to be normal. At the end of the film, it is revealed that although the family lived in poverty for the childrenrs entire lives, at some point Rose Mary had inherited land from a deceased relative. This land could have been sold for over one million dollars and could have relieved the family from their financial burdens. Despite this revelation, money doesnt solve all problems and it is likely that the family would still face many issues due to Rose Maryrs nature and Rexrs addiction. The way that the media has negatively portrayed this family with all of its issues and interactions within the social world can influence how people might view different aspects of life such as the role of the family, social class, children, along with violence and abuse. By detailing the life of the Walls family, the media has been able to show viewers the consequences of these issues. While watching the heartbreaking film, viewers see how having abusive, selfish, and addicted parents add such hardship to the lives of children. The Glass Castle also shows viewers the consequences of living in poverty and how being unable to meet oners needs can have a tremendous strain on the family and their day to day lives. All in all, The Glass Castle depicts a negative family situation which is not desirable. While the Walls family still functions as a social institution, as all families do, it does not follow the social norms created by society to have a happy and healthy family environment. D ue to the heartbreaking way the media portrays the Walls family within The Glass Castle, individuals who view the film may be encouraged to change different facets of their lives in order to improve their familyrs structure and function. Through the portrayal of the Walls family within The Glass Castle, the media is telling the story of family hardships that are common in our society. Despite the Walls family having a tremendous amount of detrimental issues that affected their day to day lives, many families across the nation can relate to at least one of the hardships that the Walls family has faced. This can be seen as especially true as The Glass Castle is based completely upon a familyrs real=life experience. So, while the Walls family may seem like an extremely problematic family, the issues they face are still very commonplace in families across the nation. Through The Glass Castle, the media is reflecting to viewers the hardships that families currently face, they are reflecting back into our culture the issues within families that are already there. Despite the dismal nature of the film, one can hope that The Glass Castle will influence and encourage families that are in similar hardships to make a change for the better.