Risks Management Problems Free Essay Example, 2750 words

This paper tells that the risk management process has become a vital aspect of any organization s operations for decades because of the possible negative impacts of risks on organizational successes. Therefore, it has become imperative that organizations should formulate or initiate dynamic risks management process that would help them overcome the threats of risks in their operations. According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that some of the popular theories about how best to handle organizational risks include (i) handling it as a part of the business strategy; (ii) and seeing as a leadership issue that must be tackled in the organizational management. Business strategy: - Many experts believe that organizations need to build risk-averse strategies into their business development in order to counter unexpected problems that may arise from unanticipated risks (Culp, 2001). Having risks management as part of the business strategy would necessitate that risks ar e constantly measured, quantified, and controlled as every other factor required to achieve optimum performance of the concerned business (Culp, 2001). Leadership perspective: -Looking at risk management as part of the leadership responsibility in an organization has been regarded as a vital force in stemming the problems ensuing from unforeseen risks (Alston, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Risks Management Problems or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This requires that business leaders are expected to perceive themselves as risk-takers, risk-managers or risk-averters, and this would be reflected in the nature of the decisions they make in the organizations (Alston, 2001). Many risk management concepts have failed to work, simply because the people at the helms of the organization resist or refuse to wholeheartedly support the risk management initiatives. But in as much as the leadership itself, if required to handle the risk in an organization, it becomes easier and more productive to avert risks in that organizations.

Essay on Diabetes - 888 Words

Diabetes nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body produces too little insulin (Type One Diabetes) or can’t use available insulin efficiently ( Type Two Diabetes). Insulin is a hormone vital to helping the body use digested food for growth and energy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, about 17 million Americans have diabetes and every year about 1 million more age 20 or older are diagnosed with the disorder. People who are overweight, do not exercise, and are 30 years or older are more likely to get the disease (especially type 2 diabetes). People who are also of African American, Latino/Hispanic, Native American, Alaskan†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Present treatments for type one diabetes require lifelong care in order to keep blood sugar levels within a safe range. Some treatments include monitoring blood levels several times a day using a home blood sugar meter, taking several insulin injections everyday or using an insulin pump, eating a balanced diet that spreads carbohydrates (sugars) throughout the day to prevent high sugar levels after meals, regular medical checkups to monitor and adjust treatments as needed. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Present treatments for type two diabetes include eating a balanced diet to prevent high sugar levels after meals, getting regular physical exercise because it helps the body respond to insulin better, monitoring blood sugar at home to know when the level is above or below your personal prescribed range, taking oral medication if diet and exercise not able to keep blood sugar levels within a safe range, taking insulin (temporarily or for the rest of your life; temporarily because your blood sugar level may be alarmingly high and the insulin will break it down; forever because your pancreas may produce little or no insulin), and having regular medical checkups to monitor and adjust treatment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Future treatments for the disease are as follows. In the future people may be able to inhale insulin rather than take painful injections. There are alsoShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes3153 Words   |  13 PagesPeople all around the world might know someone with diabetes, but might have never realized how did they get diabetes, what will happen with them, what do they go through, what makes them change their lives, or what is there everyday basis when someone has diabetes? It may not be your problem, but to show respect and care for the one who may have diabetes can help them and benefit yourself to know more about it and have a better understanding of it. It can impact a person s personal life to knowRead MoreDiabetes : The Growth Of Knowledge On Diabetes1018 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes The research focused on explaining the meaning of diabetes and how literary some concepts can be used to control the situation. Diabetes is a defect in the body that results from the inability to convert glucose to energy. In the medical terms, glucose is the primary source of energy that enables the body to execute its functions effectively. The types of foods that affect the blood sugars are called carbohydrates. We can find carbohydrates in foods such as potatoes, corn, fruit, rice andRead MoreDiabetes And Its Effects On Diabetes1408 Words   |  6 Pagesgo hand in hand with diabetes. Everyone who has diabetes goes through different events or problems each and every day. However, there is more than just one type of diabetes that corresponds with these things; there are two distinct types. It is unsure how Diabetes was discovered but now there are much simpler ways to detect if someone is diabetic. As time has gone on, it is greatly apparent that the technology and all that scien tists know about diabetes has changed. Diabetes is a disease in whichRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1433 Words   |  6 Pages Diabetes mellitus (sometimes called sugar diabetes) is a condition that occurs when the body can t use glucose (a type of sugar) normally. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body s cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells. In diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body can t respond normally to the insulin that is made (type 2 diabetes)Read MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages Diabetes refers to clinically and heterogenous group of disorders described by abnormal high levels blood glucose. Diabetes is ranked as 6th leading cause of death. It direct annual medical costs is approximately over $ 92 billion, and another $ 40 billion indirect cost. It affects approximately 18.2 million people in the USA (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Explain the differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. There are three major classificationRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe family has diabetes. Her husband, your grandfather, is at risk for diabetes. Your father has diabetes. Your mother is at risk for diabetes. Your half-sister on your father’s side of the family was recently tested for diabetes. What kind of future regarding diabetes does that leave you with? This may not be you, but this is me. This is my diabetic and at risk family. What is the difference between the types of diabetes? What are the possible problems I can have because of diabetes? How can I treatRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1371 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes For my health project topic I chose Diabetes. One of my aunts has type one diabetes, and that is partially why I chose to do this topic. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar) because of varying reasons. Some of these reasons include insulin production is inadequate or because the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in theRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes851 Words   |  4 Pages Diabetes comes in multiple forms: type 1, or diabetes insipidus; type 2, or diabetes mellitus; or gestational, which occurs during pregnancy and may be either type 1 or type 2. Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the person has high blood glucose. (Blood glucose is also know was blood sugar.) When the person has high blood sugar it’s either because the insulin result is insufficient, or the body’s cells don’t respond to the insulin like it should, or both can happen. There are different typesRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes919 Words   |  4 PagesResistance: Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is most commonly known as diabetes. Diabetes is formally a Greek word that translates to, â€Å"the making of lots of urine with sugar in it or making sweet urine† Brawley. This disease is due to a metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes is caused due to the fact that insufficient insulin is being produced in the pancreas. Sometimes this disease can even be caused because the cells are not being responsive to the insulin being produced. Unfortunately diabetes is not justRead MoreDiabetes Is An Illness Of Diabetes2273 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Diabetes is an illness that’s been raising for many years and yet there hasn’t been a cure found for it. Diabetes is diagnosed when you have too much glucose also known as sugar in your blood, where the pancreas isn’t able to make enough insulin to pass the sugar in use for energy to the different cells in your body. Glucose in the bloodstreams comes from the carbohydrate foods which are changed into sugar after we have eaten them or the glucose that’s been stored in the liver that

Gender Discourse Gender And Discourse - 892 Words

Gender plays a role in shaping our identity. It gives us a sense of character and labels us as a conventional person in society. As a man or woman, an individual is forced to conform to accepted conducts, portrayals, actions and characteristics that are deemed â€Å"the norm† for their required sex. By creating these gender â€Å"roles†, society is initiating a biased view of erroneous abstractions that are associated with males and females. These gender â€Å"roles† are not always true for each man or woman as everyone has their own intentions, ideas and perceptions regardless of what sex they are. One major ongoing issue that is ever present in humanity today is gender discourse. Discourse is the affiliation of expression and actions. Philosophers connect discourse to influencing frameworks in a specific community and thus a relationship is made between gender and discourse. Discourse cannot be mentioned without acknowledging the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault. Foucault’s studies on gender and discourse concentrate on the relation among gender and power. His analysis centres on the contrast amidst the method in depicting men and women in discourse. The aim of this reasoning is to discover the implied inferences of gender reciprocity and the hidden power orders these mutualisms publish. Whilst most individuals comprehend that gender roles are inaccurate, there are still a handful that create premises centred on gender such as believing that all men like sports and that everyShow MoreRelatedGender, Social Class, And Slut Discourse On Campus1312 Words   |  6 Pages1. â€Å"Good Girls†: Gender, Social Class, and Slut Discourse on Campus Authors: Elizabeth A. Armstrong, Laura T. Hamilton, Elizabeth M. Armstrong and J. Lotus Seeley Citation: Armstrong, E. A. et al. Good Girls: Gender, Social Class, And Slut Discourse On Campus. Social Psychology Quarterly 77.2 (2014): 100-122. Web. 17 Feb. 2016. The journal article addresses the issue of undergraduate women using slut shaming and the actual reason women participate in it. 2. The theory being tested in the articleRead MoreGender, Social Class, And Slut Discourse On Campus Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesneglected in their social life. Collectively Elizabeth A. Armstrong; Laura T. Hamilton; Elizabeth M. Armstrong; and J. Lotus Seeley composed an article, ‘ Good Girls : Gender, Social Class, and Slut Discourse on Campus’ in 2014 for Social Psychology Quarterly (p. 100-122), utilizing observations on social psychology, gender, and culture to argue that undergraduate females exploit shaming to construct social barriers around status groups—along with overseeing sexual behavior and social relationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Alison Lester s 2009-2010 Book Series1312 Words   |  6 PagesLester’s 2007-2008 book series, Bonnie and Sam, it is the aim to investigate if representations continue to construct and naturalise ‘traditionally acceptable models of gender’ in contemporary Australian children’s literature. Research background: Since the 1970s, there has been a significant increasing in academic interest surrounding gender in children’s literature. Peter Hunt (2009) argues literature has gained academic focus as society comes to recognise how it can shape it â€Å"in fundamental and long-lastingRead MoreAnalysis Of Foucault And Queer Theory 1211 Words   |  5 PagesTheory Spargo defines queer theory as a nebulous group of cultural criticism and analysis of social power structures relating to sexuality . It is these power structures and aspects of culture that are responsible for the discourse that creates and informs ones understanding of gender, race, and sexuality. However these aspects of identity do not exist separately from one another, but are constructed in tandem throughout history. These layers of identity inform each other in a way that is difficultRead MoreCritique. This Critique Seeks To Provide Contextualisation1355 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigations into gendered representatio ns in children’s literature, and the mechanisms that underpin their construction and reproduction. The key aim is to explore possible shifts within gender representation in children’s literature. Hamilton et al. (2006) argue that although there have been changes, over time, to gender representations, improvements have been mitigated by both the underrepresentation of female characters and a continued tendency to cast girls in â€Å"passive roles, boys in active ones†Read MoreDiscourse Community Project : Discourse1705 Words   |  7 PagesDiscourse Community Project 1 According to Porter, â€Å"A ‘discourse community’ is a group of individuals bound by a common interest who communicate through approved channels and whose discourse is regulated. A discourse community shares assumptions about what objects are appropriate for examination and discussion, what constitutes ‘evidence’ and ‘validity’ and what formal conventions are followed (38-39).† These five texts collectively constitute a community of discourse through their application ofRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis1510 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis Social communication is increasingly becoming a subject of scientists’ discussions from different disciplines, as well as ordinary language users.  In contemporary social sciences, especially in linguistics, we see a clear shift to discourse.  Discourse allows us to talk about use of the language, as well as the language as a socio-cultural activity.  In this sense, discourse, on one hand, reflects the social reality, on the other hand, it shapes it, therefore participateRead MoreThe Constructions of Gender1094 Words   |  4 PagesConstructions of Gender Authors name Authors institutional affiliation Authors note Constructions of Gender There are many different ways that people understand what their culture prescribes as appropriate behavior for males and females. 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They appear progressive at face value, even queer at timesRead MoreThe Messages Of Youths Receive From The Two Important Sources Of Information, Parents And Friends1126 Words   |  5 Pagessexual discourses and their related messages. The first discourse was the gender-specific double standard discourse. The gender-specific double standard discourse acknowledges that boys and girls are socialized differently in terms of sexual behavior, and what is appropriate. When studying the messages from this discourse, the study looked to examine the extent to which gender-specific double standard messages are given, as well as the implications of receiving them. The second discourse was the

Complimentary Medicinal System-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucuss about the Complimentary Medicinal System arrangement with typical Primary Care Services in Sri Lankan and Australia. Answer: Introduction The emerging trend of shift in nature and course of diseases and an aging population have contributed to the need of therapeutic approaches that can provide comprehensive form of treatment. Complementary medicine refers to the group of diagnostic and therapeutic disciplines that when applied in adjunct with conventional medicines promotes patient wellbeign and health[1]. A rich pool of research indicates that the western medicine arena does not rely on this form of therapeutics. It can be highlighted that complementary medicines, such as aromatherapy and meditation, encompasse a diverse range of systems and practices of heathcare that have not been embraced by the mainstream western medicine for numerous reasons embedded in social, cultural and economic systems. Based on this fact it can be stated that successful and adequate complimentary medicinal system in health service delivery still remains challenging[2]. The complimentary medicinal system arrangement in health service delivery in Sri Lanka and Australia are distinct from each other and set a suitable background for undertaking a comparison between the two. Below are the statistics of the two countries that set the plartform for a comparison between the two[3]. Sri Lanka Australia Area 65,610 square kilometers 7,692,024 square kilometers Population 21,203,000 as per 2016 estimate 23,401,892 as per 2016 estimate Life expectancy 77.9 years at birth 79.5 years at birth Literacy rate 92.5% 99% GDP Total $ 278.415 billion as per 2017 estimate Total $1.39 trillion aas per 2017 estimate Income group Upper Middle Income High income country Human development index 0.757 in 2014 0.939 in 2015 The present paper is a comparative analysis of the complimentary medicinal system arrangement with typical primary care services in Sri Lanka and Australia. The paper has a brief section on the analytical framework that would be undertaken for the analysis. The next section would have a comparison between the types of services provided in complimentary medicine by these two countries. The subsequent part of the paper would highlight the differences in complimentary medicine integration with primary care services in these two countries. Reasons for inter-country similarities and differences would be discussed with the help of relevant contextual ideas. Recommendations for both countries would be provided thereafter with a key focus on changes in economic models and policy reforms for better care service delivery. A logical conclusion of the complete paper would bring an end to the paper. Description of analytical framework The comparison of the types of services in complementary medicine and of the complementary medicinal integration with primary care services in the two countries Sri Lanka and Australia is to be done based on a strong foundation. In this regard it would be beneficial to follow a framework that would guide the analysis in a flawless manner[4]. For comparing the types of services delivered in complimentary medicine, a comparison of the costs, policies, quality of service delivery and outcomes would be analysed. For comparing the integration of the complimentary medicinal arrangement into primary care services, it would be advisable to analyse the acceptability, equity and impact on access to healthcare services. Key insights on these particular aspects would be drawn after reviewing the host of rich literature and presented in a tabular manner. Comparison of types of services in complimentary medicine between two countries in table form Sri Lanka Australia Costs The health sector of the country has contributed to a considerable extent to the economic development of the country. The country is placed at an advanced position that many other countries have not been able to acquire. The healthcare sector has gained achievements that have been financed through the combination of out-of-pocket payments and general taxation. The different sources of healthcare funding include five main methods of funding. These are general taxation to the municipality, counry or state; social health insurance; private or voluntary health insurance; out of pocket payments and donations to charities. The noteworthy factor is that the heath care system of the country consists of both public and private care services; however the government plays the major role in acting as the main healthcare provider. Though the care system has free services at many ends, it deviates from the quality of care required[5]. Private health insurance ancillary cover complementary therapies. In the year 2005, 61% of patients received ancillary coverage. The majority of the public health care services are provided by the government which is funded by the combination of different payment systems of the government. States and territories also contribute form their fiscal resources[6] Policy As per the National Essential Medicines list of the country, categories of medicines are divided into essential and complementary levels. The national DRA has updated the national EML which has a list of core essential and complementary drugs. The popularity of complementary medicines hve led to the promulgation of the Indigenous Medicine Ordinance in the year 1941. Off late, the Department of Ayush had been established within the Ministry of Health by the ayurveda Act 31 in 1961. Further, the Ayrvedic Physicians Professional Conduct Rules set in 1971 have been prominent. In 1980, initiatives were taken for seting up the Ministry of Indigeous Medicine that was responsible of overseeing traditional medical hospitals providing care at affordable costs. In 1994 the Cabinet Ministry for Indigenous Medicine was set. In 1970 the Homeopathy Act recognised homeopathy as an effective medicine system. Subsequently, the homeopathic council was set[7]. The potential of complementary medicine to combat a wide range of national economic and health priorities has been reinforced by the leading focus being placed by Government n prevention, intervention and self-care. All of these align with the complementary medicine approach. The increasing use of complementary medicines by the common population has made policy makrs bring reforms in how this mode of treatment is included in practice. Recently, the Federal Department of Health and Aging (DOHA) have reviewed on the Australian Government Rebate on Private Health Insurance for Natural Therapies. Further, the Australias National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) have taken up initiatives to assist health consumers in making decisions around healthcare by considering complimentary medicines[8]. Seven of the countrys territories grant allopathic physicians the monopoly on medical acre by restricting the practice of medicine by persons who are not qualified. The country has a long history of initiatives taken by proponents of complimentary medicines. The Medical Act of 1894 prohibits individuals other than allopathic practitioners from practising medicine. In 1974, the Australian Parliament set up the Committee of Inquiry into different forms of complementary medicines. In 1998 there was the establishment of the Therapeutic Goods Administration for providing the national framework for regulation of therapeutic goods in the country. The Complementary Medicines Evaluation Committee acknowledges two types of proof to agree to claims on therapeutic goods: scientific evidence and traditional use[9]. Quality of services delivered Healthcare for the people is delivered in an organised manner through private and public sector that includes practising within the western system of medicine as well as traditional system of medicine[10]. As per the census, around 8600 professionals were working as complementary health therapists in the year 2006. This was actually about 80% higher than the number of professionals employed in the year 1996. The leading professionals are chiropractors, naturopaths and osteopaths. The health complications mainly addressed by this medicine are arthritis, asthma, cancer, injuries, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, digestive disease, multiple sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, mental health and behavioural problems[11]. Outcomes of services Research indicates that the use of compelementary medicines have been more in treatment of conditions such as cancer. religious practices have gained more pirminence as a result of such practices. Patients consider referring to complementary therapy professionals soon after facing complications after being treated by western medicinal systems. Patients receiving services from this group of services are mainly older than the common patient population. however, the highest proportion of patient population for such services are mainly between the age 25 and 64 years. One of the concerns that prevail is that patients might undergo risky treatments from the mainstream health system. Comparison of complementary medicine integration with primary care services in table form Sri Lanka Australia Acceptability There remains an ambiguity and abscence of clarity regarding the coordinated responses given by the public. The response is not coordinated, hindering tthe better understanding its applicability. There is much to be knwon of the details of complimentary medicine use, the characteristics of the users and motivations that act as a driving for using complementary medicines. Research has indicated that motivational factors are strong in this country for using this form of medicines[12]. In the last one decade the NSW ministry for Science and Medical research have commissioned reviews of the complementary medicine research and gained a better understanding of the sectoral opportunities. Coming to population data, there is a lower level of acceptance of complementary medicine among older people. Older patients have dissimilar priorities for treatment as compared to the younger population since their health is worse on an average while the income is significantly lower[13]. pull and push factors have been highlighted that act as driving factors for complimentary medicine. Patient interaction with conventionl health system have at times highlighted unsatisfactory results from conventional therapy. Patients who have embraced the form of medicine perceive it as a holistic tool for health care. In addition, they perceive the medicine to be an aid for preventive therapy[14]. The therapeutic value as an adjunctive therapy has also been highlighted by this population. there i s also an aligment with the personal belief system the focuses on the medicine approach as being safe[15]. Equity 60-70% of the rural population have been found to depend on natural or complementary medicine for their primary health care[16]. Research indicates that female patients use compelimtneray medicines more than men. Futrther, female users are more likely to fall into the category of being middleaged. They also have higer annual income and higher education level. The Caucasian population have more tendency to use complementary medicines. In certain, the urge to refer to manual therapies such as consultations with a massage therapist or chiropractor are more common amongst rural populations[17] Impact on access to healthcare services The Sri Lanka population has shown more intrest in using herbal dietary supplementation as a fom of complimentary medicines. Some professionals under complimentary medicines as well as products are regulated by the eminent government bodies. However, at levels beyond that, most provisions for complimentary medicines are unregulated and informal. These are not integrated into the conventional healthcare frameworks. Since the use of complimentary medicine is growing in Sri Lanka, policy makers must respond adequately and in a meaningful manner to this component of healthcare system[18] . An issue related to integration of complimentary therapy is the use of minerals and vitamins and natural and herbal medicines. Population of the rural areas have more likelihood of using complimentary medicines. However, access to suitable care services remain a key issue for this population. healthcare practitioners have been showing interest to use complementary medicines as part of their traditional system[19]. Description of complimentary medicinal system arranegment in two countries Australia is now found to be well placed for undertaking further research on complementary medicine and become a leader in evidence-based complementary medicine treatment, services and products on an international basis. Nationally, an estimated $2.3 billion was spent in the year 2000 by Australians on complementary medicine (CM) products and therapists. Australia has been found to hold a strong reputation for fostering mainstream health and medical research that also considers a well-respected approach to complementary medicines. Complementary therapies have become increasingly popular in the last few decades. There was an initial congruence with the enthusiasm for having an alternate lifestyle. The status of this form of medicine has been re-visited in different areas, such as legal regulation, inclusion in medical education, stances of physicians association and scientific research[20]. A number of universities in the country have been teaching courses on complimentary medicines t hat include the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, the University of Technology in Sydney, and the Victoria University of Technology. The main subjects include Chinese medicine, naturopathy and acupuncture[21]. Sri Lanka is still lagging behind in using complimentary medicines on a substantial basis across the communities. The involvement in managing, providing and organising this form of services is to be made mindful of the use of complimentary medicine. The translation of theory into practice is far from accurate in this country. The concerned authority has restricted the use of this valuable medicinal form in adjunct to conventional treatment options. A large section of the population is waiting for the wider practice of complimentary medicine that is based on research shreds of evidence pointing out the safety, effectiveness and coordination of complimentary medicines. Traditional medicines are considered as an integral part of the healthcare delivery system in Sri Lanka[22]. The most common form of complementary medicine practised in this country is Ayurveda. In light of the inclusion of this subject in the educational domain, it is to be noted that less number of universities are eng aging in providing qualifications through training and courses. One of the prominent university in this field is the Institute of Indigenous Medicine at the University of Colombo. There is a consistent and rich pool of literature that highlight that Sri Lanka does not optimally utilise the potential therapists and products of the field of complementary medicine[23]. The focus given by the government is to be made more sharper for including the wider contexts of complementary medicines into primary health care[24]. The country lacks research and a strong evidence base that can act as the driving force behind implementation of the therapies and procedures in accordance with safety and efficacy guidelines. However, it is to be noted that there remains a significant amount of interest from the publics end in understanding how best can complimentary medicines be used for addressing the wide range of disease[25]. Reasons for inter-country similarities and differences The reasons for similarities and differences between Sri Lanka and Australia in context of integrating complementary medicines in primary healthcare can be attributed to a number of factors hailing from cultural, historical, demographic and financial arrangements. Australia has a prime location as compared to Sri Lanka. Since it is located in the Asia-Pacific region and has the available expertise, the likelihood of having advanced infrastructure is more in Australia as compared to Sri Lanka. Australia also as an attractive environment for undertaking different clinical trials that act as a stepping stone to the European and US markets. The strength of research infrastructure needs special mention which is not present in case of Sri Lanka. The economic base of Australia is capable of supporting the sector growth for complimentary medicines. Development of appropriate metrices provides is witnessed in Australia that provides a suitable picture of value, capacity activity revolving around complimentary medicines. Sri Lanka shows more keenness to use complimentary medicines on a larger scale and integrate the same into primary healthcare services. The historical background of Sri Lanka is rich when it comes to use of traditional medicines.The cou ntry has a unique and praiseworthy history with regards to the complimentary medicine practice[26]. The different forms of indigenous medicines in Sri Lanka include Siddha, Ayurveda and Unani, all of which are not cultivated in other parts of the globe, including Australia. All these systems are widely practised in Sri Lanka. However, in spite of the wide practice and availability over time, the domain of traditional medical stream has been known to keep away complimentary medicine. This has thereby hindered the chances of useful research that augment interventions. Complementary medicines are known to be a form of diagnosis, treatment and prevention tool that complements the mainstream treatment approach through contribution to a satisfying and whole conceptual framework of medicine. These are also to be perceived as holistic medicines that address a number of health complications such as diabetes, drug addiction, and cancer. Some examples of noteworthy complimentary medicines include acupuncture, aromatherapy, naturopathy, reiki and herbal medicines. The underlying principle is that the body is able to heal itself when the healthy state is maintained and that the whole person is to be treated instead of the disease[27]. Integration of complementary medicines in primary healthcare services would be highly appreciable for diversifying the approaches used for treating patients with multifactoral and multidimensional health complications. It is worth mentioning that the medicinal and clinical world is facing an undeniable crisis at the present tim es. Reforms in healthcare can only be brought about when unconventional approaches are put at the forefront of scientific discussions[28]. Further, integrating complementary medicines would eliminate dissatisfaction with conventional medical approaches. Prescription medicines have been known to lead to dissatisfaction due to limited success rates. This can also be addressed with complimentary medicines. Moreover, complementary medicines would be appealing when applied to primary healthcare services since the root cause of the health problems can be addressed adequately[29]. At this juncture, it would be advisable to highlight the concerns emerging in relation to integrating complementary medicines in the primary healthcare system. Firstly, most of the complementary treatment options are still lacking strong standards and dose specifications. The consistency in quality is also far from being accurate. Scientific validation of the treatment options is not in a position to satisfy the criteria for being flawless. Therefore the integration of this form of medicine into the traditional care system would involve the understanding of need gaps in existing form[30]. Recommendation At the core of the recommendations for Sri Lanka and Australia lies the concept that the present scenario in the two countries regarding integration of complementary medicines into primary health system is complementary to each other. While the acceptability of complementary medicine is more in Sri Lanka, there is much to be done to provide support to such services. The country must learn from Australia the approaches that are to be taken for developing this sector of medicine. Sri Lanka must consider enough funding for carrying out research in this arena. Strong and rigorous research only would ensure that complementary research is integrated into mainstream medicine system. Funding is also required from other non-government sources that can contribute to much growth. A collaborative approach is needed among the different stakeholders for ensuring that research is directed in the proper direction[31] . Both Sri Lanka and Australia have much to attain in terms of integrating complimentary medicine in primary healthcare services. It is recommended that public information and awareness level can only enhance the use of complimentary medicine on a larger scale. Easy and accessible information would serve as the guide for healthcare consumers to consider using complimentary medicines. The government must come forward to educate the public on the importance, value and potential of this form of medicine. Easy-to-access information can be disseminated through mass media as well. For facilitating the use of complimentary medicine, healthcare professionals must also come forward and join hand with public initiatives. Since care professionals play a key role in educating the public, they are to be trained and given formal instructions to impart education on complimentary medicine. Advice is given to the governments of the two countries to include institutional level education on complimentary medicines. Universities should start teaching courses on this subject so that a large pool of professionals is created who can cater the diverse needs of the increasing patient population. Structures and processes of education at the university and research level need to be considered for revision if better outcomes are to be achieved in this regard[32] . Conclusion Scientific and empirical research has time and again pointed out the benefits of integrating complementary medicine into primary healthcare services. The literature supports the benefits and advantages of such form of medicine including manual therapies, herbal medicine, acupuncture for treating mild and chronic disease alike. The effectiveness of such medicines and approaches have been demonstrated through laboratory experiments as well as clinical trials. From a comparative analysis of Sri Lanka and Australia, it has been highlighted that though both the countries have shown an intention to integrate complementary medicine, Australis has shown more achievements in this field in comparison to Sri Lanka. The cultural and social context of using complementary medicine is more predominant in Sri Lanka; however, the country has not been successful in taking this forward in the contemporary era. In contrast, Australia has set up a strong base to carry out research on this domain and set an effective market base. Research of international reputation is been carried out in this country that Sri Lanka needs to learn from. The financial system of Australia has a major contribution in this achievement. In light of understanding the utility of complementary medicine, it is recommended that both the countries would benefit much in future if they exploit the potential complementary medicines have. Parallel to research there is a need of disseminating the valuable findings of the research to the public at large. Benefits of using complementary medicine and concerned risk are to be accordingly shared with the wider population. Funding is crucial in this regard. It is hoped that with the advent of modern research tools and initiatives taken by the government, both the countries would be in a tough competition with each other for making a mark on the global scale by successfully integrating complementary medicine into primary healthcare services. References Posadzki P, Watson LK, Alotaibi A, Ernst E. Prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by patients/consumers in the UK: systematic review of surveys. Clinical Medicine. 2013 Apr 1;13(2):126-31. Belletti G, Shorofi SA, Arbon P, Dal Molin A. Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Italian Validation of a Questionnaire on Nurses' Personal and Professional Use, Knowledge, and Attitudes. Journal of Nursing Measurement. 2017 Aug 1;25(2):292-304 Lutz W, Butz WP, Samir KE, editors. World Population Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century: An Overview. Oxford University Press; 2017 Sep 21. McCormack B, van Dulmen S, Eide H, Skovdahl K, Eide T. Person?Centredness in Healthcare Policy, Practice and Research. Person?Centred Healthcare Research. 2017 Jul 25:3-17. Health care financing in sri lanka: challenges and alternatives. Institute of policy studies of sri lanka; 2016. Bensoussan A, Myers S, Cooke M, Cheras P. Complementary Medicine Research a snapshot. The NSW Ministry for Science Medical Research; 2005. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review. WHO; 2001. Supplementary information from medicines Australia. Pharmaceutical benefits scheme bill; 2010. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review. WHO; 2001. 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